UPS (uninterruptible power supply), as a modern power support equipment, is widely used in data centers, medical, industrial and other industries that require high power stability. In UPS system, current detection is through real-time monitoring and analysis of input/output current, throughout the whole life cycle of UPS from operation to fault response. This paper introduces how current detection provides reliable security for UPS. CHIPSENSE current sensor as an example.

What is UPS?
UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply), that is, uninterruptible power supply, is a constant voltage and constant frequency power supply equipment containing an energy storage device (usually a battery) and an inverter as the main component.

Its core role can be summarized in two points:
1. Emergency use: In the event of a sudden power outage, it can immediately provide pure and uninterrupted power to its load equipment (e.g. computers, servers, network equipment, etc.) to prevent data loss and equipment damage.
2. Daily protection: When the mains power is normal, it can filter out "power pollution" such as power surges, high voltage spikes, voltage dips, and noise frequency interference in the mains power, improve power quality, and provide high-quality power for load equipment.

The main types of UPS and their working principles:

According to the different working methods and performance, UPS is mainly divided into three categories:

Simple metaphor:
Standby / Offline: It is like a "spare tire", which is not used at ordinary times and is put on top in an emergency.
Online interactive: like a "spare tire with a voltage regulator", it can also adjust the pressure at ordinary times and top it in an emergency.
Online: It is like a "generator that is always working". Whether there is mains power or not, the electricity used by the equipment is re-emitted by it, and the quality is the highest.

Comparison of UPS current detection technology
In a UPS system, the choice of current detection method is closely related to its working mode, accuracy requirements and application scenarios. The following is a comparative analysis of current detection methods in different UPS types:

Selection suggestion:
Backup UPS: Preference is given to low-cost shunt resistors or ordinary clamp meters to meet basic over-current protection requirements
Online interactive UPS: Adopt Hall sensors (such as CHIPSENSE HK1V H00 current sensor), taking into account isolation and dynamic response
Online UPS: High-precision TRMS detection module is required to support multi-channel synchronous monitoring and fault warning
By matching UPS type with detection technology, system reliability can be optimized and battery life can be extended, especially in critical scenarios such as data centers and medical care.

This paper only discusses the application of current sensors in online interactive UPS.

Application Diagram of Current Sensor in Online UPS System.

The above diagram clearly shows the application of the HK1V H00 series current sensor from CHIPSENSE at three key current monitoring points of the UPS.

1.Battery current detection - accurately monitor the charging and discharging current of the battery. This is the basic requirement of CHIPSENSE current sensors. 
2. Output current detection - core protection function. Monitor the current output from the UPS to the load in real time. Trigger protection immediately when the load current exceeds the safe value. Provide a signal to the feedback control loop of the inverter to ensure a pure, stable sine wave voltage output.
3. Input current detection - Optimization and protection (optional): Monitor the current input from the grid.

Introduction of domestic current sensor HK1V H00 series of CHIPSENSE

HK1V H00 current sensor is an open-loop current sensor based on Hall principle independently developed by CHIPSENSE. It is 100% domestic and realizes domestic replacement.  CHISENSE HK1V H00 current sensor measurement range is from 200A to 2000A. It can be applied to: AC frequency conversion speed regulation, uninterruptible power supply (UPS), DC motor-driven static converter, switching power supply (SMPS), welding machine power supply, battery management, wind energy inverter and other fields. CHIPSENSE has different current sensors in different application fields.

Product features
Open loop current sensor based on hall principle
Insulation between primary and secondary sides
Raw materials comply with UL 94-V0
No insertion loss
Small size
Execution standards:
IEC 60664-1:2020 
 IEC 61800-5-1:2022 
 IEC 62109-1:2010

Conclusion:
The application of CHIPSENSE HK1V H00 series current sensor in the three key current monitoring points of the UPS is not only a "sentinel" to achieve safety protection (over-current, short circuit), but also a "core staff" to achieve precision control (inverter output) and intelligent management (battery health). It is indispensable to ensure the reliable and efficient operation of medium and high-power UPS. CHIPSENSE current sensors are the first choice for many customers in UPS.

CHIPSENSE is a national high-tech enterprise that focuses on the research and development, production, and application of high-end current and voltage sensors, as well as forward research on sensor chips and cutting-edge sensor technologies. CHIPSENSE is committed to providing customers with independently developed sensors, as well as diversified customized products and solutions.

“CHIPSENSE, sensing a better world!  

www.chipsense.net